Faults and recalls.

Engine / equipment

1.0 / 1.2 PureTech (EB2) in the Peugeot 208/2008/308/3008/5008, Citroën C3/C4/C5 Aircross, DS 3, Opel Corsa/Crossland/Grandland

Period mentioned

2012 – approx. 2022

Symptoms

Oil pressure warning, hard brake pedal or reduced assistance, oil consumption, blue smoke, squeal at the front of the engine, turbo whistles or loses power.

Possible cause described

The timing belt runs in oil and degrades (especially with short trips and fuel dilution). Debris clogs the oil pump strainer, the brake vacuum pump filter, the turbo oil feed and the variable valve timing solenoids. Stellantis announced compensation for affected owners in 2025.

Check for the garage

Measure the belt through the oil filler opening with the manufacturer's tool. Confirm whether the vacuum pump campaign was done.

Cost cited in the source

Vacuum pump: €500–800; belt with oil system cleaning: considerably moreA rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.6 HDi DV6 (Peugeot 207/308/3008/Partner, Citroën C3/C4/Berlingo; same engine as the Ford 1.6 TDCi)

Period mentioned

Approx. 2004–2015

Symptoms

Loud turbo whistle, power loss, blue or black smoke, oil that gets dirty very quickly. Before the failure, often a puffing or ticking from the cylinder head and an exhaust smell from an injector.

Possible cause described

The injector clamp bolts work loose, the gas leak forms carbon that gets into the oil and clogs the mesh filter in the banjo bolt feeding the turbo. The turbo is starved of oil. Replacing only the turbo does not fix it.

Check for the garage

Check injector bolt torque and carbon at their base, the turbo banjo bolt and the sump strainer.

Cost cited in the source

Turbo + full oil system cleaning: approx. €900–2,000 (estimate)A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.5 / 1.6 / 2.0 BlueHDi with AdBlue (Peugeot, Citroën, DS, Opel)

Period mentioned

Approx. 2014 onwards

Symptoms

Emission system fault message and a “starting impossible in X km” countdown, AdBlue/UREA warning and engine light.

Possible cause described

Failure of the AdBlue tank pump module (circuit board, pressure sensor or heater) or of the AdBlue injector. The engine does not stop while driving, but once the countdown reaches zero it will not restart.

Check for the garage

Diagnose with Diagbox or equivalent: AdBlue pressure, flow test and tank temperature.

Cost cited in the source

Complete module or tank: approx. €600–1,500 (estimate)A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.5 BlueHDi (DV5): Peugeot 208/2008/308/3008/5008/508/Rifter, Citroën C3/C4/C5 Aircross/Berlingo, Opel, DS, Fiat

Period mentioned

2017–2023

Symptoms

Rattle from the top of the engine, loss of power; in severe cases the chain breaks and the engine fails.

Possible cause described

The 7 mm chain linking the two camshafts wears prematurely, influenced by soot in the oil. Stellantis replaced it with an 8 mm chain in 2023 and opened an inspection campaign.

Check for the garage

Ask the dealer whether the car is in the campaign (free inspection and replacement if needed) and whether the 8 mm chain is fitted.

Cost cited in the source

€700–1,400 for the chain; €4,000–7,000 if it breaksA rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

B47 and B57 diesel and B48 and B58 petrol modular engines (BMW from 2014–2015 and MINI from 2014)

Period mentioned

2014–2026

Symptoms

Coolant loss with a low-level warning, coolant or oil residue at the rear of the engine; on diesels, internal coolant loss with no visible leak (EGR cooler).

Possible cause described

On the B48 and B58 the water pump leaks (from its weep hole) and the oil filter housing with heat exchanger can crack; on 2017–2021 B58s the crankcase ventilation valve also fails. On the diesels the EGR cooler can leak internally and mix coolant with soot: BMW issued a recall over the risk of the intake manifold catching fire.

Check for the garage

Check the coolant level, look for leaks under the water pump and at the oil filter housing, and on diesels confirm by VIN whether the EGR cooler campaign was done.

Cost cited in the source

Water pump: relatively cheap to replace; oil filter housing: more labour-intensive; EGR cooler: free if covered by the campaignA rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Mileage cited in the database: 80,000–195,000 km. This is not a maintenance interval and does not predict a failure.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

PSA 2.0 HDi (DW10) and 2.2 HDi (DW12), including the 2.0/2.2 JTD in the Fiat Ulysse and Scudo and the Lancia Phedra

Period mentioned

1998–2015

Symptoms

Particulate filter warning and power loss; rough idle from a dirty EGR; vibration and knocks when starting or in low gears (dual-mass flywheel); smoke or hesitation from injectors at high mileage.

Possible cause described

The engine itself is very robust, but the ancillaries are not: the DPF with Eolys additive clogs in town use, the EGR and its cooler fill with soot, the variable-geometry turbo sticks and the dual-mass flywheel wears. The 136 hp versions have more problems than the 138 to 163 hp ones.

Check for the garage

Read the DPF status and additive level, check the EGR and cooler, check the dual-mass flywheel at start-up and measure injector balance rates.

Cost cited in the source

Forced DPF regeneration: €100–150; new DPF: €800–1,500; rebuilt injector: €200–250A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Mileage cited in the database: 120,000–180,000 km. This is not a maintenance interval and does not predict a failure.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

ZF 8HP automatic gearbox in rear-wheel-drive BMWs from 2009 (1 to 8 Series and X: F20, F30, F10, G20, G30, X3, X5…)

Period mentioned

2009–2026

Symptoms

Harsh shifts (especially engaging D and 1st to 2nd), slipping or jerking; oil leaks from the pan, the mechatronic connector sleeve or the seals.

Possible cause described

BMW's diagnostic guide says an incorrect oil level is a frequent cause of shift complaints and asks for it to be checked every time, even with no visible leaks; the pan can be damaged by impacts. The sealing sleeve between gearbox and mechatronic lets oil through to the connector. The oil, sold as lifetime, degrades.

Check for the garage

Check the oil level with the official procedure (correct temperature and engine running), look for leaks at the pan, connector sleeve and seals, inspect the pan for impact damage and review adaptation values with ISTA.

Cost cited in the source

Oil change with pan and filter: maintenance; sleeve or seals: minor repair; mechatronic: expensive repairA rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

e-CMP platform EVs with the Mahle on-board charger: Peugeot e-208, e-2008 and e-Rifter, Citroën ë-C4 and ë-Berlingo, DS 3 E-Tense, Opel Corsa-e, Mokka-e and Combo-e

Period mentioned

2019–2024

Symptoms

AC charging (home or public) becomes erratic, drops from 11 kW to about 7 kW or fails completely with messages such as “Charging paused” or a critical error. DC fast charging keeps working.

Possible cause described

The Mahle on-board charger, which converts AC into DC for the battery, fails. It was fitted to at least ten Stellantis EV models until 2024, when the supplier was changed. There is no recall, but in the Netherlands its warranty was extended from two to four years in 2021, and in Denmark the consumer association FDM obtained a free replacement as a known defect.

Check for the garage

Test charging on a three-phase and a single-phase AC point, read the charger codes with DiagBox and check whether it has already been replaced and by which version. Claim warranty or known-defect treatment before paying.

Cost cited in the source

New charger: approx. €1,100–3,700 (converted from dollars) or about €5,300 at a Danish dealer; often covered by warranty or as a known defectA rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

RAV4 (V) and RAV4 Hybrid

Period mentioned

2019–2023

Symptoms

A high-pitched squeal from the front wheels under light or moderate braking; under hard braking it barely sounds and the car brakes well.

Possible cause described

The front pads vibrate. Toyota fixes it by replacing the anti-squeal shim kit on both front sides, with about 50 minutes of labour (bulletin T-SB-0001-22 Rev1, January 2022).

Check for the garage

If the car brakes well and only squeals under gentle braking, tell the garage exactly that and ask them to check the front pads' anti-squeal shims before replacing discs. If it also brakes worse, go to the garage now.

Cost cited in the source

No verified estimate; ask the garage for a quote.A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

RAV4 (III) with four-wheel drive

Period mentioned

2006–2012

Symptoms

A low growl from under the rear of the car that increases with speed and does not change when turning the steering wheel.

Possible cause described

The rear differential coupling becomes noisy because its front bearing gets contaminated. In the US, Toyota extended the warranty on that coupling for 2006–2012 RAV4 4WD models (programme ZF4, December 2015).

Check for the garage

Note whether the noise rises with speed rather than with steering. At the garage, have them check the rear differential coupling before replacing wheel bearings.

Cost cited in the source

No verified estimate; ask the garage for a quote.A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.0 VVT-i three-cylinder (1KR-FE): Toyota Aygo, Yaris and iQ, Peugeot 107 and Citroën C1

Period mentioned

Approx. 2005–2011

Symptoms

Coolant loss with coloured residue next to the pump and rising temperature; a clutch that slips or squeals and hard gear changes earlier than normal.

Possible cause described

In the early years the water pump often failed after about three years of use; it was improved in 2009. The original 180 mm clutch was short-lived; a larger one was fitted from 2009 (a 190 mm alternative exists). The German Yaris II guide also lists faulty water pumps on the 1.0.

Check for the garage

Look for dried coolant residue under the pump and watch the level. Test the clutch pulling away on a hill; if it is replaced, ask for the improved version.

Cost cited in the source

Approx. €300–550 for the water pump (German used-car guide).A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.8 VVT-i (1ZZ-FE): Corolla, Celica, MR2, RAV4 and Avensis

Period mentioned

Approx. 1998–2005

Symptoms

Oil must be topped up between changes (more than a litre every 1,600 km in bad cases), bluish smoke and fouled spark plugs; eventually misfires and a damaged catalytic converter.

Possible cause described

The piston rings on early engines stuck and let oil into the combustion chamber. Toyota changed the pistons in July 2005 and extended the engine warranty in the US.

Check for the garage

Measure consumption between two changes with the level set correctly and check the spark plugs and catalytic converter. If consumption is high, the lasting fix is new pistons and rings.

Cost cited in the source

No verified estimate; ask the garage for a quote.A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.4 D-4D (1ND-TV): Yaris, Yaris Verso, iQ, Urban Cruiser, Corolla, Auris and Verso-S

Period mentioned

Approx. 2001–2018

Symptoms

Hard starting, rough idle, smoke and loss of power; noise or vibration from the flywheel when starting and releasing the clutch; oil consumption.

Possible cause described

Soot builds up in the injectors and EGR valve, especially with many short trips. The dual-mass flywheel wears and, in the worst case, damages the gearbox. Failures of the rail pressure regulator and oil consumption through the turbo or crankcase ventilation are also reported.

Check for the garage

Read the codes, run an injector back-leak test and check the EGR. Listen to the flywheel at idle with the clutch released. Measure oil consumption.

Cost cited in the source

Approx. €1,000–1,600 for dual-mass flywheel and clutch (German guide).A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

1.33 Dual VVT-i (1NR-FE): Yaris, iQ, Urban Cruiser, Auris and Verso-S

Period mentioned

Approx. 2008–2013

Symptoms

The oil level drops between services (more than half a litre per 1,000 km and up to a litre or more), usually from 150,000–200,000 km; bluish smoke.

Possible cause described

Owner forums blame low-friction piston rings that do not scrape the oil well; the fix was revised pistons and rings. The German Yaris II guide says it was only fully fixed in the next model.

Check for the garage

Check the history for oil top-ups or replaced pistons; measure consumption between two changes and check the spark plugs.

Cost cited in the source

No verified estimate; ask the garage for a quote.A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database

Engine / equipment

First-generation 2.0 D-4D (1CD-FTV): Avensis, Avensis Verso, Corolla, Corolla Verso, RAV4 and Previa

Period mentioned

Approx. 1999–2006

Symptoms

Hard starting, hesitation and loss of power, black smoke; EGR (P0400) or turbo-control codes; flywheel noise.

Possible cause described

Denso injectors that fail often and can hardly be repaired, pump suction control valves (SCV), leaking injector seals and soot in the EGR; also the dual-mass flywheel and turbo. On the second generation (1AD, from 2006) the typical fault is different: head gasket and oil consumption.

Check for the garage

Read the codes, check the fuel filter and for air ingress, test the injectors and SCV valves and clean the EGR before replacing expensive parts.

Cost cited in the source

No verified estimate; ask the garage for a quote.A rough figure from the original database, not an up-to-date quote.

Sources from the original database